Aia ka 80 pakeneka o nā kumuwaiwai decarbonization honua i nā lima o 3 mau ʻāina ʻo ka media Iapana: hiki ke ālai ʻia ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā kaʻa ikehu hou.

I kēia manawa, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ke kūʻai ʻana i nā kumuwaiwai mineral honua.No ka mea, hoʻohana nā kaʻa uila i nā kumuwaiwai ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o nā kumuwaiwai kuʻuna e like me ka aila.ʻO nā ʻāina 3 kiʻekiʻe me ka lithium a me ka cobalt mālama i ka 80% o nā waiwai o ka honua.Ua hoʻomaka nā ʻāina waiwai e monopoli i nā kumuwaiwai.ʻAʻole hiki i nā ʻāina e like me ʻEulopa, ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me Iapana ke hōʻoia i ka lawa o nā kumuwaiwai, hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia kā lākou mau pahuhopu decarbonization.

No ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ke kaʻina hana decarbonization, pono e hoʻololi mau i nā kaʻa ʻaila me nā kaʻa ikehu hou e like me nā kaʻa uila, a hoʻololi i ka mana wela me ka mana o ka mana hou.ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā huahana e like me nā electrodes pākaukau a me nā ʻenekini mai nā minerala.Ua wānana ʻia e piʻi ka koi no ka lithium i 12.5 mau manawa o 2020 e 2040, a e piʻi pū ka koi no ka cobalt i 5.7 mau manawa.ʻO ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo o ke kaulahao hoʻolako ikehu e alakaʻi i ka ulu ʻana o ka koi mineral.

I kēia manawa, ke piʻi nei nā kumukūʻai mineral a pau.E lawe i ka lithium carbonate i hoʻohana ʻia i ka hana ʻana i nā pila ma ke ʻano he laʻana.Ma ka hopena o ʻOkakopa, ua piʻi ke kumukūʻai kālepa Kina ma ke ʻano he hōʻailona ʻoihana i 190,000 yuan no ton.Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka hoʻomaka o ʻAukake, ua hoʻonui ʻia ma mua o 2 mau manawa, e hōʻoluʻolu ana i ke kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe loa ma ka mōʻaukala.ʻO ke kumu nui ka hāʻawi like ʻole o nā wahi hana.E lawe i ka lithium i laʻana.ʻO Australia, Chile, a me Kina, aia i waena o nā ʻekolu kiʻekiʻe, ʻo ia ka 88% o ka māhele hana honua o ka lithium, aʻo ka cobalt ka 77% o ka māhele honua o ʻekolu mau ʻāina me ka Democratic Republic of Congo.

Ma hope o ka lōʻihi o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā kumuwaiwai kuʻuna, ua hoʻopuehu nui ʻia nā wahi hana, a ʻo ka hui pū ʻana o nā ʻāina kiʻekiʻe 3 i ka aila a me ke kinoea maoli ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o 50% o ka nui o ka honua.Akā, e like me ka emi ʻana o ka hāʻawi ʻana i ke kinoea kūlohelohe ma Rūsia i alakaʻi ai i ka piʻi ʻana o nā kumukūʻai kinoea ma ʻEulopa, ke piʻi nei ka pilikia o ka hoʻolako ʻana mai nā kumuwaiwai kuʻuna.Heʻoiaʻiʻo loa kēia no nā kumuwaiwai mineral me kahi kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o nā wahi hana, kahi e alakaʻi ai i ke koʻikoʻi o ka "resource nationalism".

ʻO ka Democratic Republic of Congo, kahi e paʻa ana ma kahi o 70% o ka hana cobalt, me he mea lā ua hoʻomaka i nā kūkākūkā e pili ana i ka hoʻoponopono hou ʻana i nā ʻaelike hoʻomohala i kau inoa ʻia me nā hui Kina.

Ke nānā nei ʻo Chile i kahi bila e pili ana i ka hoʻonui ʻauhau.I kēia manawa, koi ʻia nā ʻoihana mining nui e hoʻonui ana i kā lākou ʻoihana ma ka ʻāina e uku i ka 27% ʻauhau ʻoihana a me ka ʻauhau mining kūikawā, a ʻo ka helu ʻauhau maoli ma kahi o 40%.Ke kūkākūkā nei ʻo Chile i ka ʻauhau hou o 3% o kona waiwai ma nā minerala eli, a ke noʻonoʻo nei e hoʻokomo i kahi ʻano ʻauhau e pili ana i ke kumukūʻai keleawe.Inā ʻike ʻia, hiki ke piʻi ka ʻauhau maoli i kahi o 80%.

Ke ʻimi nei hoʻi ka EU i nā ala e hōʻemi ai i kona hilinaʻi ʻana i nā mea lawe mai ma o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā kumuwaiwai kūloko a me ke kūkulu ʻana i nā ʻoihana hana hou.Ua loaʻa i ka hui kaʻa uila Tesla nā waihona lithium ma Nevada.

ʻO Iapana, kahi liʻiliʻi o nā kumuwaiwai, hiki ʻole ke loaʻa kahi hopena no ka hana ʻana i ka home.Inā hiki iā ia ke hui pū me ʻEulopa a me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa e hoʻonui i nā ala kūʻai e lilo i kī.Ma hope o ka COP26 i mālama ʻia ma ʻOkakopa 31, ua ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka hoʻokūkū e pili ana i ka hoʻemi ʻana i ke kinoea hoʻomehana honua.Inā loaʻa kekahi pilikia i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā kumuwaiwai, hiki ke haʻalele ʻia e ka honua.